September 13, 2025 | 12:14 pm
TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - The Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) has revealed that the widespread floods and landslides that struck Bali on September 9-10, 2025, were not solely caused by extreme rainfall. According to the agency, the devastation was also triggered by a combination of hydrometeorological factors and inadequate environmental and infrastructure conditions.
The National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB) reported that the disasters affected seven regencies and cities, with over 120 flood points. Denpasar city recorded the highest number of flood points with 81, followed by Gianyar (14), Badung (12), Tabanan (8), Karangasem and Jembrana (4 each), and Klungkung (in Dawan District).
The BMKG noted that the primary trigger for the floods was the extreme daily rainfall in several areas. Jembrana recorded 385.5 mm in one day, followed by Tampak Siring (373.8 mm), Karangasem (316.6 mm), Klungkung (296 mm), and Abiansemal (284.6 mm).
Other locations, including West Denpasar, Petang, Kerambitan, and Padangbai, also recorded rainfall above 200 mm per day. Climatologically, rainfall above 150 mm per day is categorized as extreme.
The head of the BMKG, Dwikorita Karnawati, explained that the intense rainfall was triggered by regional and local atmospheric dynamics. "The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), Kelvin waves, and active equatorial Rossby, along with unstable atmospheric conditions in Bali, increased the risk of forming massive convective clouds," she said in a written statement on Friday, September 12, 2025.
In addition to these atmospheric factors, the BMKG highlighted environmental and infrastructure issues that worsened the impact. The drainage systems in several areas were unable to handle the massive volume of rainwater, a problem compounded by sedimentation and garbage clogging waterways.
"The conversion of absorption areas into residential and commercial zones also reduces the land's ability to absorb water, which increases the risk of flooding," Dwikorita explained.
She urged the public to remain vigilant as the potential for extreme weather continues in the coming week. "With good preparedness and mitigation, we can minimize the risk of disasters from the ongoing extreme weather in the next few days," she said.
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