The Rich History and Culture of Cape Verde, a Small Country Making World Cup History

October 15, 2025 | 11:53 am

TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Cape Verde, also known as Cabo Verde, has captured the world's attention after making history by qualifying for the 2026 World Cup. The country, stretching 300 kilometers from north to south and 250 kilometers from east to west, is the second smallest country to ever reach the most prestigious football tournament. With a population of less than 600 thousand people, Cape Verde holds a long history and a rich cultural wealth worth exploring.

The History of Cape Verde

According to Britannica, the Cabo Verde archipelago, located off the west coast of Africa, was initially uninhabited until the arrival of the Portuguese in the mid-15th century. Explorers such as Diogo Gomes and Alvise Ca' da Mosto played crucial roles in the discovery and mapping of the islands. In 1462, Portuguese settlers established the city of Ribeira Grande on Santiago Island-now known as Cidade Velha-as the first European city in the tropical region.

During the colonial period, Cabo Verde developed as a center for the slave trade in the Atlantic triangular trade system. The islands became important ports for European ships trading with slaves, gold, and ivory from Africa. However, pirate attacks and the decline of the slave trade in the 19th century led to the economic downturn of the islands, accompanied by prolonged droughts and famines.

Entering the 20th century, the independence movement began to grow. In 1956, Amilcar Cabral founded the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), which led the struggle against the ruling Portuguese. After the revolution in Portugal in 1974, Cape Verde finally achieved full independence on July 5, 1975. Aristides Pereira became the first president, while Pedro Pires served as prime minister.

Political relations with Guinea-Bissau broke off after a coup in 1980, and the PAIGC party transformed into PAICV. The one-party system ended in 1990, when the Movement for Democracy (MpD) won the first free elections in 1991.

In 2013, the government officially established the use of the name Cabo Verde in all international languages. In the past two decades, the country has enjoyed economic growth through the tourism sector, although it was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The 2021 presidential election was won by Jos Maria Neves of PAICV, marking the return of the party to national leadership.

The Culture of Cape Verde

According to Cultures, the lives of most people in Cabo Verde are inseparable from the sea. About 80 percent of the population spends time on the beach, especially on weekends. The close relationship with the ocean has shaped a warm and communal society. Traditional music activities such as tocatinas—small concerts held in bars and restaurants—provide a space for people of all backgrounds to come together and enjoy a lively evening atmosphere.

Approximately 95 percent of Cabo Verde's population is Catholic, and various religious celebrations like the Festival of the Patron Saint and pilgrimages are part of the annual calendar.

Music is also crucial in Cape Verdean culture. Rhythms like morna, coladeira, and funana reflect the spirit and emotions of its people. Morna—with its slow tempo and melancholic vibe—is considered the soul of Cape Verdean music. This genre was popularized by composer Eugenio Tavares and gained worldwide recognition through the unique voice of Cesaria Evora, the "barefoot diva."

Aside from music, crafts are also a valuable heritage. Wood carvings, weaving, and pottery depict the life and natural beauty of these islands. These works of art serve not only as decorative pieces but also as symbols of the cultural identity of Cape Verdean society.

Life in Cape Verde remains simple but rich in meaning. Family and community relationships are the main pillar. Traditional music and dance events often serve as occasions to strengthen social bonds, reflecting the lively spirit of its people.

Cuisine

The culinary world of Cabo Verde also reflects a fusion of cultures. The national dish cachupa, a stew of corn, beans, and meat or fish, symbolizes the warmth of home. Culinary influences from Africa, Portugal, and even Brazil are evident in various menus, while seafood such as tuna, mackerel, and lobster take center stage. Desserts like Bolo de Bolacha and Doce de Papaia showcase the creativity of the people in blending local ingredients with European recipes.

ANNISA NUR ALIMAH

Editor’s Choice: Cape Verde Becomes 22nd Team to Qualify for 2026 FIFA World Cup

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