September 24, 2025 | 06:33 pm
TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto has expressed his support for resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict by implementing the two-state solution. He conveyed this stance during two forums at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, U.S., on 22-23 September 2025.
On Monday, 22 September 2025, Prabowo attended the High-Level International Conference for the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and the Implementation of the Two-State Solution.
The following day, during his address at the 80th UN General Assembly, Prabowo reiterated that the two-state solution is the only path to peace. He stated, "The only solution is the two-state solution. The two descendants of Abraham must live in reconciliation, peace, and harmony," said Prabowo on Tuesday, 23 September 2025, as monitored online.
What Is the Two-State Solution?
Smith Alhadar, a Middle East observer, explained that the two-state solution entails establishing two independent states—Israel and Palestine—that coexist peacefully. This concept emphasizes that both parties should be guaranteed security and directed to collaborate in the political and economic fields.
Smith stated that this idea is not new. Arab countries have even made concrete offers. In 2022, in Beirut, they proposed: Israel withdraw from occupied territories such as the West Bank, the Golan Heights, and the Sheba Farms. "In return, all Arab countries would recognize the existence of Israel," said Smith when contacted on Wednesday, 24 September 2025.
In other words, the two-state solution is not merely idealistic, but has been manifested in the form of a political compromise package. However, its implementation continues to fail due to conflicting interests, both within Israel and the Palestinian factions, as well as the global powers involved in this conflict.
In Israel, for example, support for the two-state solution is waning. Hardline right-wing groups now dominate the country's political spectrum. According to Smith, from a young age, the Israeli population has been fed a curriculum that depicts Palestinians as less than human. "This has led to dehumanization and reinforced hardline figures such as Minister of Public Security Itamar Ben Gvir, and Minister of Finance Bezalel Smotrich," said Smith.
Meanwhile, there is a division within the Palestinian factions. Fatah, as the official authority, may accept the two-state solution as a compromise. However, Hamas rejects it. For Hamas, Palestine has been under occupation for 76 years, dehumanized, and subjected to apartheid. "They cannot accept the two-state solution, although their position is not very strong either because not all Arab countries fully support it," said Smith.
The U.S.'s stance, as Israel's main ally, is one of the most decisive factors. Washington is facing a dilemma. Geopolitically, the U.S. needs the two-state solution to ensure its interests in the Middle East remain secure. However, domestic politics make it difficult for them to pressure Israel.
"For example, Trump heavily relies on the support of Zionist lobbies, media, strategic institutions, and evangelical groups who believe that Israel must exist for religious prophecy. This pressure makes it difficult for the U.S. to convince Israel to genuinely accept the two-state solution," said Smith.
On the other hand, China has consistently supported Palestine since the era of Mao Zedong. Russia has been more flexible. They recognized Israel after the war, but have recently been more cautious due to their strategic interests with Saudi Arabia and Iran.
"Moscow also supports the Oslo Accords and fundamentally could accept the two-state solution, especially to maintain the region's energy and geopolitical stability," said Smith.
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