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October 21, 2024 | 07:11 pm
TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - On his first day as Coordinating Minister for Law, Human Rights, Immigration, and Corrections, Yusril Ihza Mahendra made a controversial statement. The minister, a member of Prabowo Subianto's cabinet, said that violent incidents in 1998 did not qualify as gross human rights violations.
Yusril also said that there had been no cases of gross human rights violations in the country in recent decades.
"Serious human rights violations are genocide, ethnic cleansing. They may have happened during the colonial period, at the beginning of our independence (in) the 1960s," Yusril said after being sworn in as a member of Prabowo's Red and White Cabinet on Monday, October 21.
According to Yusril, not all human rights crimes can be labeled as gross human rights violations, even if they violate human rights. His statement is seen as a denial of the National Human Rights Commission's decision that confirmed 12 violent incidents in the past as gross human rights violations.
In 1997-1998, three violent incidents were declared as gross violations of human rights of the past. They are the 1997-1998 forced disappearances, the May 1998 riots, and the 1998-1999 Trisakti and Semanggi 1-2 incidents.
All three incidents occurred before the fall of President Suharto, who at the time was Prabowo Subianto's father-in-law, and marked the beginning of the Reform Era. It was also alleged that Prabowo had been involved in missing persons cases in 1997-1998.
Yusril's statement also contradicts the view of former President Joko Widodo or Jokowi, who during his administration recognized 12 past gross human rights violations. Jokowi had subsequently attempted to settle a number of gross human rights violations out of court by providing assistance and compensation to the victims or their families.
Indonesia’s Twelve Past Sins Against Human Rights
On August 26, 2022, Jokowi signed Presidential Decree No. 17/2022 on the Establishment of a Non-Judicial Resolution Team for Past Gross Human Rights Violations (PPHAM). Mahfud Md, who was then Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs, was appointed head of the directive team, while Makarim Wibisono was appointed head of the implementation team.
This team then attempted to resolve 12 past gross human rights violations out of court. The gross human rights violations were the recommendations of Komnas HAM submitted to the Jokowi administration through the Attorney General's Office. The following are the 12 gross human rights violations of Indonesia's past:
1. 1965-1966 Incidents
2. 1982-1985 Mysterious shootings
3. 1989 Talangsari Lampung Incidents
4. 1998 Rumoh Geudong and Sattis Post incidents in Aceh
5. 1998 Involuntary disappearances
6. 1997-1998 May riots
7. 1998-1999 Trisakti Semanggi 1 and 2 incidents
8. 1998-1999 Witch Doctor Killings
9. 1998-1999 Simpang KAA Incidents in Aceh
10. 1999 Wasior Papua Incidents 2001-2002
11. 2003 Wamena Papua Incidents
12. 2003 Jambo Keupok Aceh Incidents
Editor’s Choice: Amnesty International Calls On President-Elect Prabowo to Enforce Human Rights
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