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January 12, 2025 | 05:44 pm
TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Indonesia's Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) estimates that several regions in Indonesia have the potential to experience coastal flooding or tidal flooding on January 5 to 21, 2025. The affected areas are estimated to be from West Sumatra to Maluku.
"The perigee phenomenon on January 7, 2025 and the full moon on January 13, 2025 have the potential to increase the maximum sea level," wrote BMKG via the official Instagram @infobmkg, Monday, January 6, 2025.
In general, tidal flooding will have an impact on community activities around ports and coasts, such as loading and unloading activities at ports, activities in coastal settlements, as well as salt ponds and inland fisheries.
Coastal areas that are predicted to experience tidal flooding include West Sumatra, Jambi, Bangka Belitung Islands, Lampung, Banten, Jakarta, Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, Maluku, and North Maluku.
So, what is the Perigee Phenomenon?
Perigee is a phenomenon when the moon is at its closest point to Earth in its elliptical orbit, which has a significant impact on ocean tides. Quoted from the official NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) page, this phenomenon occurs about once every 28 days and causes the moon's gravitational pull on Earth to become stronger, resulting in more extreme tides.
When perigee coincides with the new or full moon phase, this phenomenon is called the perigean spring tide. This causes the high tide to be higher than usual and the low tide to be lower. Events like this can occur 6-8 times a year. However, the height of the tide is also influenced by other factors, such as seasonal changes in average water levels. Warmer water can cause thermal expansion, so the highest tide of the year does not always coincide with the perigean spring tide.
Impact on Coastal Flooding
Although the perigean spring tide does not always cause coastal flooding, this phenomenon can trigger high tide flooding or nuisance flooding in low-lying areas. Major flooding is usually caused by a combination of high tides with coastal storms, strong onshore winds, and changes in barometric pressure. If a storm occurs during a perigean spring tide, its impact can worsen flooding.
Experts warn that as sea levels rise due to climate change, minor flooding during perigean spring tides is expected to become more frequent in the future. Therefore, coastal communities are advised to be aware of the potential for more frequent flooding and plan mitigation measures to reduce its impact.
Editor's Choice: BMKG Warns of Tidal Flooding in 6 Coastal Areas during Full Moon
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