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TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Opened in 1359 C.E., Khizanat al Qarawiyyin holds the title of the oldest library in the world. This ancient library has held priceless history and knowledge for ages. Founded by a Muslim woman, the library has been open to the public since around 2016.
Playing an important role in intellectual and cultural advancement, the list of the world's eight oldest libraries has been preserved for centuries. Citing Book Riot, read on to discover these historic institutions that offer a glimpse into mankind's never-ending commitment to learning.
8 Oldest Libraries in the World Still in Operation
1. Khizanat al Qarawiyyin
Located in Fez, Morocco, Khizanat al Qarawiyyin began operations in 1359 C.E. It was founded by a Muslim woman named Fatima al-Fihri, who had a strong desire for knowledge and curiosity. Driven by her bold spirit, she later became a prominent figure in the history of education.
Home to an extensive archive of 4,000 rare books and Arabic manuscripts, visitors are transported back in time as they explore the collection. Restored over four years by Canadian-Moroccan architect Aziza Chaouni, it is now the oldest library in the world still in use.
2. Haeinsa Temple
Hailed as one of the oldest libraries in the world, Haeinsa Temple was built in 802 C.E. on Mount Gaya in South Korea. Its charm lies in the most complete collection of Buddhist texts engraved on 80,000 woodblocks dating from 1237 to 1248, also known as the Tripitaka Koreana.
While you can explore the surrounding temple area, the library itself is not open to the public. But a visit to Haeinsa Temple can still be a fulfilling experience because of its historic and breathtaking ambiance.
3. Redwood Library
Standing tall with its classic columned architecture, the Redwood Library houses precious books and becomes a home for scholars and cultural figures. Located in Rhode Island, United States, this library was founded in 1747 and serves as a multi-purpose institution with a library, museum, and research center.
In addition to its immense 200,000-volume collection, the library also houses an important collection of portraits and artifacts. Open to the public, Redwood Library continues to offer a wide range of cultural opportunities, from lectures to exhibitions.
4. Rampur Raza Library
Renowned for its outstanding Indo-Islamic scholarship and art, the Rampur Raza Library is one of the most important libraries in South Asia. Ruled by Nawab Faizullah Khan for over 200 years, the Nawabs were recognized figures in learning and education. Guided by their thirst for knowledge, Khan established the Rampur Raza Library in 1774.
With over 17,000 multilingual manuscripts in Arabic, Pashto, Hindi, Turkish, Urdu, Persian, and Sanskrit, he also collected thousands of other books. Visitors are welcome to tour the library at any time except Fridays.
5. Laurentian Library
The Laurentian Library was first initiated by the Medici family, specifically Cosmo the Elder and Lorenzo the Magnificent. Historically, what was left of the library was taken to Rome after the fall of the Medici family. Later, however, it was returned to its original home in Florence by Lorenzo's nephew, who was elected Pope in 1523.
Reconstructed by the famous Italian artist Michelangelo, the Laurentian Library was finally reopened in 1571, although in an incomplete state. A total of 10,500 prestigious manuscripts, some dating back to before the 11th century, will be the main attraction of the library.
6. Real Gabinete Português de Leitura
The main purpose of the Real Gabinete Português de Leitura was the higher education of Portuguese immigrants, resulting from a meeting of 40 Portuguese made up of intellectuals, journalists, and lawyers. Built in 1837, this library then treasures over 350,000 ancient works from centuries ago. For its elegant building, this library was ranked by Time Magazine as the fourth most beautiful library in the world.
7. Hereford Cathedral Library
The unique Hereford Cathedral Library is known for its chained library, which preserves Britain's rich heritage. Open to the public, readers are welcome to explore the 8th-century Hereford Gospels, which comprise 229 medieval manuscripts. Dating back to 1100, Hereford Cathedral Library is now presented in its original design of 1611-1841, while the book is stored in modern standards of preservation.
8. Sarasvati Mahal Library
Another Indian library in the list, Sarasvati Mahal Library is a gem of a treasured repository of knowledge and culture. Founded by the dynasties of Nayaks and Marathas of Thanjavur, this library collects more than 60,000 rare volumes which include palm leaf manuscripts. Becoming a public library in 1918, visitors can also find priceless books and paintings on art, culture, and literature.
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