December 28, 2025 | 07:03 am
TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Acting Head of the Geological Agency, Lana Saria, stated that low-frequency (LF) earthquakes at Mount Tangkuban Parahu in Indonesia have increased since December 24th. Based on observations of surface deformation using various instruments, including satellites and tiltmeters, there have been no significant changes in pressure beneath the volcano. However, data from monitoring distance changes using electronic distance measurement (EDM) indicates pressure fluctuations at shallow depths.
"This requires caution because the potential for a phreatic eruption can still occur suddenly, without any clear volcanic symptoms," Lana said in a written statement on Saturday, December 27, 2025.
The phreatic eruption Lana mentioned is the eruption of water vapor and surface material due to the heat pressure from magma into groundwater, without escaping to the surface. On December 24th, the Geological Agency recorded 10 LF earthquakes. The same number occurred the following day. Data from December 26th recorded 38 LF earthquakes.
According to Lana, there has been no decrease in the seismic pattern—indicating no increase in pressure due to rising fluids to the surface. The crater of Mount Tangkuban Parahu displays thin to moderate white smoke rising up to 80 meters from the crater floor. In Ecoma Crater, part of the same volcano, white smoke was also observed rising approximately 5-40 meters from the crater floor.
Lana continued, explaining that the Geological Agency recorded an increase in low-frequency earthquakes in June-July 2025. The maximum number of low-frequency earthquakes reached 270 on June 3, 2025. In early June, there was a mud eruption at Ratu Crater.
The Geological Agency maintains the normal status for Mount Tangkuban Parahu. With this status, only the active crater area should be avoided by tourists and local residents in the West Bandung and Subang Regencies of West Java.
"However, people should immediately leave if there is an increase in the intensity of the smoke or if they smell pungent gas," Lana said.
She assured that Mount Tangkuban Parahu's volcanic activity continues periodically. It should be noted that the mountain has nine active craters. The two main craters at the summit are Kawah Ratu and Kawah Upas. Tangkuban Parahu's eruptions generally take the form of pheasant eruptions from these two craters.
Read: Hundreds Pray for Mount Tangkuban Parahu's Status Improvement
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