List of 59 Countries Erecting Trade Barriers Against U.S.: USTR Report

April 21, 2025 | 08:36 pm

TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - The United States Trade Representative (USTR) has released its annual National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers for 2025, identifying 59 countries whose trade practices are deemed to create impediments for U.S. commerce.

The comprehensive 397-page report, issued on Monday, March 31, 2025, details specific barriers encountered by U.S. businesses in these nations.

The USTR outlines 14 categories that can trigger tensions in trade relations between the United States and other countries. These categories range from import policies and employment practices to subsidies, environmental regulations, and sanitary standards. The identified countries span various continents and include Indonesia.

"The prevalence of corruption is a consistent complaint from U.S. firms that trade with or invest in other economies. Corruption takes many forms and affects trade and development in different ways," the USTR stated in the report's foreword.

Furthermore, the USTR elaborated on the impacts of foreign barriers on U.S. trade. They assess that trade barriers or other trade-distorting practices negatively affect U.S. exports to foreign markets because they effectively impose costs on exports that are not applied to goods produced domestically within those import markets.

"These unfair trade practices undermine U.S. exporters' competitiveness and, in some cases, prevent U.S. goods from entering the foreign market entirely," the USTR asserted. So, which countries are included in this list?

List of Countries Named by the U.S. as Barriers to Trade

The following 59 U.S. trading partners are identified as having policies that hinder trade practices:

• Algeria

• Angola

• The Arab League, comprising the Palestinian Authority and the following countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Yemen.

• Argentina

• Australia

• Bangladesh

• Bolivia

• Brazil

• Brunei Darussalam

• Cambodia

• Canada

• Chile

• China

• Colombia

• Costa Rica

• Ivory Coast

• Dominican Republic

• Ecuador

• Egypt

• El Salvador

• Ethiopia

• European Union

• Ghana

• Guatemala

• Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), consisting of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.

• Honduras

• Hong Kong

• India

• Indonesia

• Israel

• Japan

• Jordan

• Kenya

• South Korea

• Laos

• Malaysia

• Mexico

• Morocco

• New Zealand

• Nicaragua

• Nigeria

• Norway

• Pakistan

• Panama

• Paraguay

• Peru

• Philippines

• Russia

• Singapore

• South Africa

• Switzerland

• Taiwan

• Thailand

• Tunisia

• Turkey

• Ukraine

• UK

• Uruguay

• Vietnam

In an appendix to the same report, the USTR also detailed U.S. progress in reducing trade-related barriers to exports of greenhouse gas reduction technologies, as mandated by the Energy Policy Act of 2025.

"As described in the initial 2006 GHGIRT report, 10 barriers to the exports of GHGIRTs are generally similar to those identified in the NTE Report with respect to other exports to the 25 developing countries, for example: lack of regulatory transparency and sound legal infrastructure; state-controlled oil and energy sectors," the USTR wrote.

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